Rome wide fast due to its army. The Roman forces were the best trained and part of the largest in the world. Many politicians were leading soldiers because the army influenced their lives. The structure of the army changed a lot throughout Rome's history.
During the early republic era, in a forces emergency, all asset owing population were summoned to the Campus Martius (field of Mars, god of war). They would derive in groups called centuries, each group consisted of 100 men. In the beginning wars only lasted a few days, so it didn't matter if men left their farms for short periods of time. By colse to 340Bc wars were supplementary away from Rome. This meant that population were required to leave their farms for longer than a few days. To encourage population to join the army a wage was introduced.
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The richer citizens could afford to own their own horses so they served in the cavalry. The rest fought in a block of soldiers carrying swords, spears and shields, while the poorest fought on the edges with stones and farm implements.
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Soldiers were grouped into units known as legions, consisting of about 4,200 men each. Within each legion there were groups of separate types of soldiers. These groups were known as maniples and they each contained about 120 men.
Maniples fought in a special formation known as quincunxes, which were made up of three ranks of soldiers. The groups were spread out in 3 rows in a checker board pattern, over the battle field facing the enemy. The gaps in each line were covered by the forces in the line behind.
At the rear of the quincunx were 5 maniples (600 men) of very experienced fighters known as triarii. Next in front of the triarii fought the second rank of soldiers, 10 maniples called principles. These men were armed with fullness of weapons and large shields.
Out in the very front line of the quincunx, 10 maniples totalling 1200 young soldiers fought. They were known as hastati because they carried hastae spears. In battle, the hastati wore out the enemy first, and then the group of law moved into battle. The triarii only fought if a battle was going badly.
The youngest and poorest soldiers fought separately from the quincunx. They made up a group of 10 maniples and they were called velites.
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